5. A brief illustration of how Ritzian theory explains observations supposedly explained by Relativity.
As discussed previously, around the 1880s, there were four important experimental results which required explanation : the force betwen wires carrying electricity (Ampere's law), the force on a charge in the vicinity of a wire carrying electricity (the Lorentz force), the voltage developed between two points as a result of a wire carrying electricity (Induced EMF), and the radiation of energy from oscillating charge (which Hertz discovered in the 1880s).
The fact that Mawell's theory explained all of these experimental results was at the time held up as validation the theory.
Maxwell's theory incorporated an absolute reference frame and predicted that non reciprocal forces would sometimes occur. It also had difficultly explaining the known properties of light propagation.
Einstein's Special Relativity resolved the problems with light propagation and non reciprocal forces. The consequences of this explanation were the things we are familiar with : time contraction and the speed of light being an absolute limiting velocity.
However, an alternative viewpoint had been developing, based around a modified Coulomb law. This was originally considered by Gauss, and various people developed the ideas further.
By direct incorporation of relative motion between charges into the Coulomb force, it was possible to accomodate the force between two currents - something we normally look at by means of a magnetic field.
While we normally think of a magnet generating a magnetic field which then acts on other objects, according to this approach, the moving charges in the magnet each directly act on the other objects. We correct the force between them for the fact that the charges are moving .... and viola ! We have the same result as we would get from a magnetic field.
By incorporating the acceleration between the two charges, it was possible to incorporate the effects of varying current - that is, transformer action.
One important contributor was Ritz. He showed how many of the then known experiments could be explained using Ritzian principles rather than Maxwell's theory.
In 1967, Dr. Z.L. Budrikis made a further advance on Ritz's theory. He showed that it was possible to derive Ampere's law, the Lorentz force, Induced EMF and Hertzian radiation from Ritz's fundamental relationships.
Ritzian theory thus provides an at least reasonable explanation of the relationships that Maxwell's theory set out to explain. The experments which were held up as validation for Maxwell's theory when it was embraced could equally well have been held up as validation for a Ritzian theory.
Ritz's theory does predict a varying velocity of light between two isolated emitter and receiver pairs. Current dogma tells us that the velocity of light does vary.
However, light does not just travel as a "disturbance through the vacuum of space". It also travels as a "disturbance in the medium through which it travels". It changes from a vacuum based disturbance to a medium based distrubance through a process called "extinction". If the light travels through a medium for a much larger distance than it travels through a vacuum, its velocity will be dominated by the material, and it will appear constant.
So, arguments about binary stars providing evidence for the constancy of the speed of light are in error. Light *is* affected by the *very thin* gas which is still present, which masks out any source based effect on the emission velocity of light.
Some experiments have been conducted which use high frequency radio waves, which are intended to be immune to the effects of extinction. However, we can no longer model such waves using a simple Ritzian theory. Which must use a more complex model which applies when the dipole most is particularly large. When this is used, we find that the measured velocity of light is not a linear combination of the light velocity and source velocity - the source velocity component can become vanishingly small. For this reason, observations of the source velocity independence of the speed of light are in agreement with Ritzian theory.
Experimentally, it is impossible to emit electrons from an "electron gun" at faster than the speed of light. This is supposed to be explained by SR. However, it is also explained by Ritzian theory, which predicts a decline in the force between particles as their relative velocity approaches c.
It is analagous to firing shells from a cannon. We cannot fire them at a speed faster than the speed of sound in the high temperature gaseous mix behind the the shell. Otherwise, the gas would be unable to "keep up" with the shell and push it any harder.
Relativity assumes we push the electron just as hard, but it does not move as much because it gets heavier. Ritzian theory assumes we simply do not push the electron as hard, and it does not move as much because of this.
If we use a rocket, however, we can go past the speed of light, because the rocket's speed increases based on what it throws out the back - and what is thrown out the back can be moving with respect to the rocket at less than the speed of light, but nevertheless mean the rocket eventually moves at more than the speed of light.
Of course, getting something up to 90% of the speed of light, even by means of rockets operating under SR, is very difficult for any mass worth getting up to that speed. This is also true under Ritzian theory.
Relativity explains light propagation and forces between charges. So does Ritzian theory. But there are a few extra consequences of Relativity which present dogma would have us believe have been observed.
One of these is time dilation. Time dilation has apparently been observed in the lifetimes of sub atomic particles called "Mesons".
However, what has actually been observed is a population difference in sub-atomic particles. Time dilation is one explanation. However, decay being a function of "fields" experinced by the particle is another. If the particle travels faster, the "fields" it experiences are smaller. Hence, it will last longer before it decays.
The populations and apparent time delays match the equations of Special Relativity. However, it is possible to derive equations for the particle populations on a Ritzian basis which at least match the results of the Frisch experiment, one of the meson decay experiments. These formulas "mirror" the SR ones.
Next : 6. The "Wrong Turn"